Material didáctico para el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa audio-oral en la educación médica de posgrado

Fundamento: El conocimiento del inglés como el idioma empleado globalmente en diversos sectores, se ha convertido, junto a las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones, es una herramienta de formación, trabajo y entretenimiento indispensable; el dominio de este posibilita las relaciones de cooperación e intercambio de profesionales del sector de la salud en varios países. Objetivo: Diseñar un material didáctico para el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa audio-oral en inglés en estudiantes de posgrado de la carrera de Medicina, mediante el empleo de tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. Metodología: Se realizó una investigación de desarrollo con enfoque mixto en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Holguín durante el período marzo-julio de 2022. Se asumió el método dialéctico materialista como concepción general de la investigación y se emplearon otros del nivel teórico: histórico-lógico, análisis y síntesis e inducción deducción, sistémico-estructural-funcional y revisión documental; empíricos: encuesta, entrevista y observación participativa. Resultados: Las principales dificultades estuvieron relacionadas con el insuficiente tratamiento de la competencia comunicativa audio-oral en inglés, se constató la importancia de la misma dentro del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del inglés, pues establece las pautas generales que se deben seguir para una comunicación efectiva y se instituye desde una mirada holística del acto comunicativo del profesional. Conclusiones: Los especialistas valoraron el material como adecuado por su estructura y factibilidad para su implementación. Después de su aplicación se evidenció su efectividad en la consolidación del aprendizaje en este nivel educacional a través de la preparación idiomática.

Background: Knowledge of English as the language used globally in various sectors, has increasingly become, together with information and communications technologies, an indispensable training, work and entertainment tool in the current era. Its domain enables cooperation relations and exchange of professionals in the health sector in various countries. Objective: To design a didactic material for the development of audio-oral communicative competence in English in postgraduate medical students, through the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Methods: A development research with a mixed approach was carried out at the Holguín University of Medical Sciences during the period March-July 2022. It was assumed the dialectical materialist method as the general conception of the research and others of the theoretical level: historical- logical, analysis and synthesis and induction deduction, systemic-structural-functional and documentary review; empirical: survey, interview and participatory observation. Results: The main difficulties were related to an insufficient treatment of audio-oral communicative competence in English, it was confirmed its importance within the teaching-learning process of English, since it establishes the general guidelines that must be followed for an effective communication. Moreover, it is instituted from a holistic view of the professional communicative act. Conclusions: The specialists assessed the material as adequate due to its structure and feasibility for its implementation. After its application, it was evidenced its effectiveness in consolidating learning in this educational level through language training.

Ciencia, tecnología y sociedad en el modelo formativo para la gestión de la evaluación de tecnologías sanitarias / Science, technology and society in the training model for the management of health technology assessment i: en

La educación de posgrado en Cuba tiene una función determinante en el desarrollo de los profesionales. Al respecto, en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba se ha implementado un modelo formativo para la gestión de la evaluación de las tecnologías sanitarias, en el cual se establece la interrelación e interconexión del enfoque en ciencia, tecnología y sociedad, así como el empleo del contexto y la contextualización en los referentes que permiten la transformación del proceso de formación de posgrado. En el actual artículo se expone cómo la aplicación de dicho modelo ha contribuido a moldear la preparación e incrementar la cultura de los gestores de ciencia, tecnología e innovación en salud, a la vez que ha favorecido la calidad de la educación de posgrado desde una perspectiva integral, materializada en la mejora de su gestión.

Postgraduate education in Cuba has a determining role in the development of professionals. In this regard, the University of Medical Sciences from Santiago de Cuba has implemented a training model for the management of health technologies assessment, which establishes the interrelation and interconnection of the approach in science, technology and society, as well as the use of context and contextualization in the referents that allow the transformation of postgraduate training process. In the current article, it is exposed how the application of said model has contributed to shaping the training and improving the culture of health science, technology and innovation managers, at the same time that it has favored the quality of postgraduate education from an integral perspective, materialized in the improvement of its management.

Inteligencia emocional y su importancia en el proceso formativo de especialidades médico-quirúrgicas / Emotional Intelligence and its Importance on the Training Process as within Medical-Surgical Specialties

Introducción: La inteligencia emocional es una habilidad blanda, definida como la capacidad de reconocer las emociones propias y ajenas para gestionarlas frente a otros de manera adecuada. Este tipo de inteligencia se relaciona con competencias y aptitudes humanas en diferentes áreas sociales, académicas y de trabajo. Objetivo: Describir el papel de la inteligencia emocional en la práctica clínica de los residentes médicos, como marco de referencia para su aplicación en la educación teórico-práctica y la realización de futuras investigaciones. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura en las bases de datos PubMed, LILACS y Google Scholar. Se emplearon operadores lógicos mediante distintas combinaciones: MeSH: Emotional Intelligence, Medical Residencies, Education, Medical, Education, Medical, Graduate; y DeCS: Inteligencia Emocional, Residencia Médica, Educación Médica, Educación de Postgrado en Medicina. La búsqueda se limitó por año, idioma y acceso libre, teniendo en cuenta criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se obtuvieron 279 resultados, de los cuales fueron seleccionados 26 para ser incluidos en la revisión y síntesis de los resultados. Resultados: Los resultados se organizaron según su relación con la inteligencia emocional en: medición en residentes médico-quirúrgicos, niveles de estrés y burnout, empatía en la relación médico-paciente, desempeño académico, bienestar y satisfacción laboral. Conclusiones: La inteligencia emocional en los residentes médico-quirúrgicos se ha relacionado con menores niveles de estrés y burnout, comunicación asertiva, mayor empatía con los pacientes y calidad en la atención médica; además, con elevado rendimiento académico, mejores habilidades de enseñanza, liderazgo y motivación; y, finalmente, con mejor bienestar psicológico, satisfacción laboral y rendimiento clínico(AU)

Introduction: Emotional intelligence is a soft skill, defined as the ability to recognize one's own and others' emotions in view of managing them in front of others adequately. This type of intelligence is related to human competences and skills in different social, academic and occupational areas. Objective: To describe the role of emotional intelligence in the clinical practice of medical residents, as a frame of reference for its application in theoretical-practical education and the development of future research. Methods: A literature review was carried out in the PubMed, LILACS and Google Scholar databases. Logical operators were used by means of different combinations from the Medical Subject Headings: Emotional Intelligence, Medical Residencies, Education, Medical, Education, Medical, Graduate. The following combinations from the Health Sciences Descriptors were also used: "Inteligencia Emocional [emotional Intelligence], Residencia Médica [medical residence], Educación Médica [medical education], Educación de Postgrado en Medicina [postgraduate education in Medicine]. The search was limited by year, language and free access, taking into account inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 279 results were obtained, of which 26 were selected to be included in the review and synthesis. Results: The results were organized, according to their relationship with emotional intelligence, in measurement in medical-surgical residents, levels of stress and burnout, empathy in the doctor-patient relationship, academic performance, well-being, and job satisfaction. Conclusions: Emotional intelligence in medical-surgical residents has been related to lower levels of stress and burnout, assertive communication, greater empathy with patients, and quality in medical care; furthermore, with high academic performance, better skills for teaching, leadership and motivation; and, finally, with better psychological well-being, job satisfaction and clinical performance(AU)

Implantação do primeiro curso de mestrado profissional em enfermagem no estado de Rondônia / Implementation of the first professional master's course in nursing in the state of Rondônia / Implementación del primer curso de maestría profesional en enfermería en Rondônia

Objetivo: Descrever a implantação do pioneirismo do curso de Mestrado Profissional, na área de enfermagem, no estado de Rondônia, contemplado no edital 28/2019, do Acordo de Cooperação Técnica CAPES/Cofen 30/2016. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo em uma perspectiva histórica, que utilizou documentos institucionais e dispositivos legais relacionados à temática. A coleta de informações foi realizada no período de setembro de 2020 a setembro de 2021. Resultados: Implantação do primeiro curso de Mestrado Profissional, turma fora de Sede, pelo Programa de Pós-graduação em Práticas do Cuidado em Saúde da Universidade Federal do Paraná no Estado de Rondônia. Foram selecionados dez profissionais, os quais desenvolvem projetos de pesquisas em diferentes cenários da prática profissional de enfermagem: Atenção Terciária (66,7%), Atenção Primária (22,2%), Sistema Prisional Federal (11,1%). Os resultados das pesquisas desenvolvidas gerarão produto técnico/tecnológico, conforme as exigências de um Programa de Pós-Graduação, na modalidade de Mestrado Profissional. Conclusão: A oferta do mestrado profissional no estado de Rondônia proporciona a qualificação de enfermeiros, preparando-os para a tomada de decisões a partir de evidências científicas. Esta proposta promove a valorização profissional e a melhoria das práticas em saúde na região amazônica. (AU)

Objective: This study aimed to describe the implementation of the first Professional Master's Course in Nursing in the state of Rondônia, Brazil, contemplated in Notice 28/2019 of the Technical Cooperation Agreement CAPES/Cofen 30/2016. Methods: This is a study from a historical perspective, which used institutional documents and legal provisions related to the subject. The collection of information was carried out from September 2020 to September 2021. Results: Implementation of the first Professional Master's course, away from headquarters, by the Postgraduate Program in Health Care Practices at the Federal University of Paraná in the State of Rondônia. Ten professionals were selected to form the first professional master's class, who develop research projects in different professional nursing practice scenarios: Tertiary Care (66.7%), Primary Care (22.2%), and Federal Prison System (11.1%). Results of the research conducted will develop a technical/technological product, according to the requirements of a Postgraduate Program in the Professional Master's Degree modality. Conclusion: Offering a professional master's degree in the state of Rondônia has provided the qualification of nurses, preparing them for decision-making based on scientific evidence. This proposal promotes professional valorization and the improvement of health practices in the Amazon region. (AU)

Objetivo: Describir la implementación del primer Curso de Maestría Profesional en el campo de enfermería en Rondônia, Brasil, contemplada en el Aviso 28/2019, del Convenio de Cooperación Técnica CAPES/Cofen 30/2016. Métodos: Estudio desde una perspectiva histórica, que utilizó documentos institucionales y disposiciones legales relacionadas con el tema. La recogida de información se llevó a cabo desde septiembre de 2020 hasta septiembre de 2021. Resultados: Implementación del primer curso de Maestría Profesional, un grupo fuera de la sede, por el Programa de Posgrado en Prácticas de la Salud de la Universidad Federal de Paraná en el Estado de Rondônia. Se seleccionaron diez profesionales para componer la primera clase de maestría profesional, quienes desarrollan proyectos de investigación en diferentes escenarios de la práctica profesional de enfermería: Atención Terciaria (66,7%), Atención Primaria (22,2%), Sistema Penitenciario Federal (11,1%). Los resultados de las investigaciones desarrolladas generarán producto técnico/ tecnológico, según los requerimientos de Programa de Posgrado, en forma de Maestría Profesional. Conclusión: La oferta de maestría profesional en Rondônia, Brasil, proporciona calificación de enfermeros, preparándolos para tomar decisiones basadas en evidencia científica. Esta propuesta promueve desarrollo profesional y mejora de prácticas de salud en la región amazónica. (AU)

Análise da formação em Programas de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde no Brasil: perspectiva dos egressos / Analysis of professional training in Multiprofessional Health Residency Programs in Brazil from the perspective of residents

Resumo Objetivou-se analisar a formação em Programas de Residência Multiprofissional em Atenção Básica (PRMAB) no Brasil a partir dos egressos de 20 Programas no período de 2015 a 2019. Trata-se de um estudo transversal que analisou as dimensões Abordagem Pedagógica (AP) e Cenários de Educação em Serviço (CES) com escala do tipo Likert. Participaram do estudo 365 egressos de programas instalados em 12 estados da federação. Na dimensão AP (α de Cronbach=0,94) destacaram-se os critérios sobre a concepção ampliada do cuidado e formação pautada em cuidado integral (P50=10), enquanto os com pior desempenho se relacionavam à preceptoria (P50=7). Quanto aos CES (α de Cronbach=0,90), foram reveladas potencialidades para as atividades educativas em grupo (P50=9) e fragilidades para critérios relativos à suficiência de espaço físico nas unidades de saúde (P50=6), participação dos residentes em Conselhos (P50=6) e articulação com Programas de Residência Médica (P50=5). A formação nos PRMAB mostra-se sintonizada com os atuais paradigmas da atenção à saúde, com ênfase na integralidade e prevenção. Contudo, os Programas carecem de investimento na formação de preceptores e melhoria de fragilidades no âmbito dos cenários de prática.

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze professional training in multiprofessional health residency programs (MHRPs) in primary care from the perspective of residents from 20 programs who had completed residency in the period 2015-2019. We undertook a cross-sectional study analyzing criteria in the dimensions Pedagogical Approach and In-Service Education Settings responded using a 10-point Likert scale. The study sample consisted of 365 graduates from MHRPs in 12 Brazilian states. The highest-scoring criteria in the dimension Pedagogical Approach (Cronbach's α=0.94) were broad concept of care and professional training oriented towards comprehensive care (P50=10). The lowest scoring criteria were those involving preceptorship (P50=7). With regard to the In-Service Education Settings dimension (Cronbach's α=0.90), the main strength was group educational activities (P50=9) and the main weaknesses were adequacy of the physical structure of health facilities (P50=6), participation of residents in local health committees (P50=6), and coordination with medical residency programs (P50=5). The findings show that professional training in MHRPs is aligned with the principles and guidelines underpinning Brazil's public health system, with emphasis on comprehensiveness and prevention. However, efforts are needed to improve preceptor training and address weaknesses in practice settings.

Practice and thinking of standardized cultivation of master of public health / 中华医学教育探索杂志

In recent years, in the face of the risks and challenges of public health emergencies, the demand and supply of public health talents are relatively tight, and the reform and exploration of the standardized training of public health professionals has become one of the most urgent and important topics. This study analyzed the problems of curriculum system setting, implementation of practical links and composition of tutors in the training process, and learned that Wenzhou Medical University has carried out practical exploration in strengthening theoretical study, highlighting the combination of research and study, deepening professional practice, etc., which has achieved the orderly promotion of public health training supported by supporting reform measures; Take the post competence as the guidance, and vigorously improve the practicing ability; Based on the process and result assessment, promote the reform of training mode and other preliminary results. However, there are also shortcomings and deficiencies in accuracy, supply and effectiveness. Looking at the current situation, it is suggested to promote mechanism construction, increase skill training, develop training standards, improve supporting measures, establish expert committees and other reform ideas, and explore and implement a new model of degree education connection.

Comparative analysis of Master of Public Health education between China and the UK / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The Master of Public Health (MPH) is one of the internationally recognized ways of training professionals in the medical and health field. With the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, the need for talents who can serve the national public health emergency management system has accelerated. This article makes the comparison of public health education in China and the UK, starting from the reasons and advantages of medical education in two countries, selecting several universities with high rankings in public health in China and the UK as the research objects, collecting and summarizing their programme descriptions, from the enrollment mode, training objectives, cultivation mode and degree types, curriculum settings, etc., in the MPH programme descriptions in order to find the advantages of MPH education in the UK, which can be used for reference in the education and training of public health talents in China, and is of great significance for the improvement and optimization of MPH education in China.

The exploration and practice on postgraduate education model of professional degree in clinical medicine based on the background of medical education collaboration / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Based on the background of medical education collaboration, postgraduate education of professional degree in clinical medicine needs to be combined with social needs to reform and to carry on the exploration of high-level talents cultivation mode of clinical medicine. The article states the exploration and practice to establish the cultivation mode of clinical medicine as an organic integration of multi-module curriculum system, multi-level clinical practice and multi-directional scientific research training. Then it gives some thoughts and suggestions based on the practice, including potent teaching function of clinical medical college, reasonable clinical teaching incentive mechanism and favorable conditions for clinical research, in order to provide theoretical basis and practice experiences of high-level talents cultivation mode of clinical medicine.

Procedimiento para medir el impacto de los programas de maestría en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas

Introducción: la calidad académica constituye una prioridad en el contexto universitario global contemporáneo. De forma gradual, se aprecia la necesidad de que las universidades evidencien su responsabilidad social por medio de instrumentos que validen su quehacer, donde se exige a dichas instituciones certificar los niveles de calidad en el desarrollo de sus procesos sustantivos como forma de rendir cuentas a la sociedad. Objetivo: diseñar un procedimiento para la medición del impacto de los programas de maestría en la Universidad de Ciencias Médica de Matanzas. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo tecnológico, que clasifica como un estudio analítico, longitudinal prospectivo, en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas, entre septiembre de 2019 y mayo de 2021. Se emplearon métodos teóricos, empíricos y estadísticos. El procedimiento metodológico empleado fue la triangulación. Resultados: se diseñó un procedimiento para medir, de modo integral, el impacto de la formación de los programas de maestrías de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas, lo que permitió obtener una vía para la medición de los impactos esperados, conducentes al crecimiento intelectual y profesional de los egresados, que responde al encargo social de la universidad, sus diferentes escenarios laborales y las demandas del sector de la salud en el territorio matancero. Conclusiones: el procedimiento diseñado evidenció la necesidad y pertinencia del mismo, en virtud de la mejora continua del programa y su calidad.

Introduction: academic quality is a priority in the contemporary global university context. Gradually, it is appreciated the need for the universities to show their social responsibility by the way of instruments that validate their work, where these institutions are required to certify the quality levels in the development of their substantive processes as a way of rendering accounts to the society. Objective: to design a procedure for measuring the impact of the master's degree programs at Matanzas University of Medical Sciences. Materials and methods: a research of technological development, classified as an analytical, longitudinal prospective study, was conducted at Matanzas University of Medical Sciences, between September 2019 and May 2021. Theoretical, empirical and statistical methods were used. The methodological procedure used was triangulation. Results: a procedure was designed to measure, in a comprehensive way, the impact of the training of master's degree programs at Matanzas University of Medical Sciences. It allowed obtaining a way to measure the expected impacts, leading to the intellectual and professional growth of graduates, which responds to the social responsibility of the university, their different work scenarios and to the demands of the health sector in the territory of Matanzas. Conclusions: the designed procedure evidenced its need and relevance, for the sake of the continuous improvement of the program and its quality.

Superación pedagógica de los profesores de Histología en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas / Pedagogical upgrading of the Histology professors in the University of Medical Sciences of Matanzas

La enseñanza de las ciencias básicas en las universidades médicas constituye una prioridad para la formación del profesional de la salud, porque ofrece los fundamentos teóricos que propician la comprensión de la morfofisiología del organismo humano, sus interdependencias y sus relaciones con el medio en que nace, crece, se desarrolla y muere. En tal sentido, se deriva la necesidad de mantener la superación de los docentes para el perfeccionamiento de la dirección del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje desde los primeros años de la carrera de medicina y en esta investigación, en particular, en el uso del dibujo de imágenes microscópicas para la enseñanza de estos conocimientos en la disciplina Bases Biológicas de la Medicina. El objetivo del artículo fue caracterizar la superación pedagógica de los profesores de Histología en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de artículos que abordaban esta temática, así como de documentos normativos para la formación de los docentes en esta área pedagógica. Se identificaron tres momentos que caracterizaban la trayectoria de la superación pedagógica de los profesores de las ciencias biomédicas; en particular, el papel del dibujo de imágenes microscópicas como medio de enseñanza en ese proceso. Se consideró que no se dedicaba tiempo en los programas a su desarrollo, por lo que se deriva la necesidad de la superación profesoral y el perfeccionamiento de la didáctica de esta disciplina(AU)

The teaching of basic sciences in medical universities is a priority for the training of health professionals, because it provides the theoretical foundations that promote the understanding of the morphophysiology of the human organism, its interdependencies and its relationship with the environment in which it is born, grows, develops and dies. In this respect, it is necessary to maintain the upgrading of professors in view of improving the guidance of the teaching-learning process from the first academic years of the medical major and, particularly in this research, through the use of drawn microscopic images for the teaching of this knowledge in the discipline Biological Basis of Medicine. The objective of the article was to characterize the pedagogical upgrading of Histology professors at the University of Medical Sciences of Matanzas. A bibliographic review of articles dealing with this topic was carried out, as well as of normative documents for the training of professors in this pedagogical area. Three moments were identified that characterized the pathway of the pedagogical upgrading of biomedical sciences professors, particularly the role of drawn microscopic images as a teaching aid in this process. The programs were not considered to devote any time to its development, thus the need appearing for the upgrading of professors and the improvement of the didactics of this discipline(AU)

Competencias profesionales específicas para la formación de los especialistas en Gastroenterología / Specific professional competencies for the training of specialists in gastroenterology

Introducción: La formación académica en Cuba se propone una formación con alta competencia profesional y avanzadas capacidades para el desempeño profesional especializado, por lo que constituye una prioridad para la Educación Médica cubana dar respuesta a dicha exigencia. Resulta esencial un modelo de competencias profesionales para la formación de los especialistas médicos, que permita el mejoramiento del desempeño profesional en respuesta a las exigencias del modelo del egresado. Objetivo: Diseñar un modelo de competencias profesionales específicas para la formación de los especialistas en Gastroenterología. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio educacional, prospectivo, de investigación aplicativa bajo el enfoque general dialéctico-materialista, con fundamento en teorías y enfoques filosóficos, psicológicos, legales, de las leyes de la Educación y la Educación Médica. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos, empíricos y estadístico-matemáticos. Se desarrolla en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas en el período 2019-2021. Resultados: El modelo de competencias profesionales específicas se estructura en el marco epistemológico, objetivos, contexto social, representación gráfica, forma de implementación, así como se identifican y definen las competencias profesionales específicas en las áreas: asistencial, docente, investigativa y de dirección que posibilitan la mejora en el desempeño profesional de los futuros especialistas. Se corrobora la viabilidad del modelo, a partir de los resultados obtenidos de la triangulación efectuada. Conclusiones: El modelo de competencias profesionales específicas diseñado es pertinente, en correspondencia con el perfil profesional y ocupacional de la especialidad, lo que enriquece las Ciencias de la Educación Médica en lo referido a la formación permanente y continuada(AU)

Introduction: Academic training in Cuba proposes training with high professional competence and advanced skills for specialized professional performance, which is why it is a priority for Cuban medical education to respond to this requirement. A model of professional skills is essential for the training of medical specialists, which allows the improvement of professional performance in response to the demands of the graduate model. Objective: To design a model of specific professional competencies for the training of specialists in Gastroenterology. Material and Methods: An educational, prospective, applicative research study was carried out under the general materialist dialectical approach, based on philosophical, psychological, legal theories and approaches of the laws of Education and Medical Education. Theoretical, empirical and statistical-mathematical methods were used. It is developed at the University of Medical Sciences of Matanzas in the period 2019-2021. Results: The model of specific professional competencies is structured in the epistemological framework, objectives, social context, graphic representation, and form of implementation; additionally, specific professional competencies in the areas of care, teaching, research and management that enable improvement in the professional performance of future specialists are identified and defined. The viability of the model is corroborated, based on the results obtained from the triangulation carried out. Conclusions: The model of specific professional competencies designed is pertinent, in correspondence with the professional and occupational profile of the specialty, which enriches the Sciences of Medical Education in terms of permanent and continuing education(AU)

Impacto de la Maestría de Cirugía de Mínimo Acceso en los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible / Impact of the Master's Degree Course in Minimal Access Surgery on Sustainable Development Goals

Introducción: El Programa de Maestría en Cirugía de Mínimo Acceso responde a necesidades sociales y perspectivas del Sistema Nacional de Salud. Los resultados de sus investigaciones impactan en los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible No. 3 Salud y bienestar y No. 4 Educación de calidad. Objetivo: Exponer cómo la Maestría en Cirugía de Mínimo Acceso impacta en el desarrollo sostenible, a partir de las investigaciones realizadas. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación cualitativa y retrospectiva en el Centro Nacional de Cirugía de Mínimo Acceso. La técnica de investigación empleada fue el análisis documental y bibliográfico, con la revisión de los informes de las tesis finales de maestría y de la autoevaluación del programa, en sus dos primeras ediciones (2015 y 2018), según el Sistema de Evaluación y Acreditación de Maestrías. Resultados: El Programa contó con 30 egresados, cuyas investigaciones abordaron el tratamiento laparoscópico del cáncer entre otros temas. Asimismo, la producción científica en la Edición 02 resultó de 100 publicaciones, 159 reconocimientos sociales relevantes y la edición de 3 libros. Conclusiones: La investigación y la creación de conocimiento e innovación en el Programa de Maestría en Cirugía de Mínimo Acceso han permitido fomentar soluciones de desarrollo sostenible en esta área del conocimiento. La producción científica y la socialización de los resultados obtenidos en eventos nacionales e internacionales propician su implementación en el Sistema Nacional de Salud. De esta forma, los resultados de investigación del programa contribuyen al logro de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible(AU)

Introduction:The program of the Master's degree in Minimal Access Surgery responds to social needs and perspectives of the national health system. The results of its research have an impact on Sustainable Development Goals 3, "Good health and well-being, and 4, Quality education. Objective: To present how the Master's Degree Course in Minimal Access Surgery impacts on sustainable development, upon the base of the researches conducted. Methods: A qualitative and retrospective research was carried out at the National Center for Minimal Access Surgery. The research technique used was the document and bibliographic analysis, with the review of the reports of the final master's theses and the self-evaluation of the program, in its first two editions (2015 and 2018), according to the Evaluation and Accreditation System for Master's Degree Programs. Results: The program had 30 graduates, whose researches addressed, among other topics, the laparoscopic treatment of cancer. Also, the scientific production in the Edition 02 turned out to be one hundred publications, 159 relevant social recognitions, and the edition of three books. Conclusions: Research and the creation of knowledge and innovation in the Master's Degree Program in Minimal Access Surgery have allowed fostering sustainable development solutions in this area of knowledge. The scientific production and the socialization of the results obtained in national and international events favor their implementation in the national health system. Thus, the research results of the program contribute to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals(AU)

El proceso de superación del profesional de enfermería en cuidados intensivos obstétricos / The process of nursing professional improvement in obstetric intensive care

Introducción: La sociedad cubana actual requiere de un profesional de enfermería mejor preparado, desde el punto de vista técnico y humano, para desarrollar con éxito su labor de acuerdo con las exigencias del desarrollo científico tecnológico y las demandas sociales. Objetivo: Exponer el proceso de superación profesional de enfermería para la solución de los problemas profesionales en su desempeño en cuidados intensivos obstétricos. Métodos: El estudio histórico-lógico posibilitó determinar las diferentes etapas histórico-contextuales del proceso de superación de los profesionales de enfermería desde la educación de posgrado, así como el análisis documental y la sistematización realizada a investigaciones nacionales e internacionales. Conclusiones: La superación profesional de enfermería debe corresponderse con el contexto real en que se presentan los problemas profesionales para darles solución; así como promover el desarrollo de nuevos conocimientos y habilidades con pertinencia social, científica y humanística, que posibiliten el fortalecimiento de la práctica del cuidado y eleven la calidad del desempeño(AU)

Introduction: The present Cuban society requires better prepared nursing professionals, from the technical and human point of view, who can develop their work successfully in accordance with the demands of scientific-technological development and the society. Objective: To present the process of nursing professional improvement for the solution of professional problems as part of nurses' performance in obstetric intensive care. Methods: The historical-logical study permitted to determine the different historical-contextual stages of the process of nursing professional improvement from postgraduate education, as well as the documental analysis and the systematization of national and international research. Conclusions: Nursing professional improvement should correspond to the real context where professional problems appear, in order to solve them; as well as to promote the development of new knowledge and skills with social, scientific and humanistic relevance, ensuring the care practice be strengthened and quality of performance be raised(AU)

La División de Estudios de Posgrado ante el COVID-19: una mirada retrospectiva al 2020 / The Postgraduate Studies Division in the Face of COVID-19: A Look Back at 2020

Resumen El ensayo presenta una revisión de la coyuntura pandémica en la División de Estudios de Posgrado (DEP) de la Facultad de Medicina de la UNAM durante 2020. La intención es reflexionar en torno a la capacidad de respuesta institucional ante la contingencia, reconstruyendo las acciones y los hechos que muestran ritmos y orientaciones en tres momentos. En la primera etapa, la preocupación y los esfuerzos estuvieron encaminados a proteger a los residentes ante la inminencia del riesgo de contagio y muerte. La DEP intensificó las relaciones con las instituciones de salud y se llevaron a cabo campañas con el fin de darles las herramientas necesarias para su protección. El segundo tiempo fue de recomposición para retomar las actividades educativas y poner atención a los procesos formativos en cada especialidad. Finalmente, en el tercer período, el de la nueva normalidad, se asumieron los procesos educativos mediados por tecnologías de la comunicación y la información, aunque la práctica clínica siguió en modalidad presencial. A medida que los hospitales han vuelto a las dinámicas previas a la irrupción del COVID-19, las actividades educativas también han tendido a restablecerse. La contingencia por el COVID-19 actuó como un acelerador del cambio y la DEP no fue indiferente a ese proceso, las características de la institucionalización académica se transformaron promoviendo acciones educativas.

Abstract The essay presents a review of the pandemic situation in the Division of Postgraduate Studies (DEP) at the Faculty of Medicine of UNAM during 2020. The intention is to reflect on the institutional response capacity, reconstructing the actions and events that show rhythms and orientations in three moments. In the first stage, concerns and efforts were aimed at protecting residents from the imminence of the risk of contagion and death. The DEP intensified relations with health institutions, and campaigns were carried out to give them the necessary tools for their protection. The second tram was for recomposition to reasume educational activities and pay attention to the training processes at each specialty. Finally, in the third period, that of the new normality, educational processes mediated by communication and information technologies were assumed, although clinical practice continued in face-to-face mode. As hospitals have returned to their pre-COVID dynamics, educational activities have also tended to re-establish. The COVID-19 contingency acted as an accelerator of change and the DEP was not indifferent to that process. Despite the mistakes and errors, some of the characteristics of academic institutionalization were transformed, promoting educational shifts.

Advancing the development of first-class discipline of basic medical science focused on joint efforts of discipline construction: based on Guangzhou Medical University / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Multiple factors such as traditional history evolution, resource allocation and management mechanism all restrict the discipline development of basic medical sciences and the enhancement of postgraduate education quality. Guangzhou Medical University starts from top-level design, focuses on joint efforts of discipline construction and adopts a series of reform measures to promote first-class basic medical sciences discipline construction and enhance the postgraduate education quality, such as transforming the architecture of scientific institutions, grasping the discipline direction, setting double-tutor system, optimizing the tutor team, promoting curriculum reform, strengthening communication between domestic and overseas and selecting excellent students. Practice shows that positioning properly and developing with unique features based on joint efforts of discipline are effective approaches to build high-level teaching-research medical universities.

Ensino remoto na pandemia de covid-19: um olhar sob a perspectiva de paulo freire / Remote teaching during the covid-19 pandemic: a viewpoint according to paulo freire's approach / Educación a distancia en la pandemia del covid-19: una mirada desde la perspectiva de paulo freire

RESUMO Objetivo relatar as experiências dos autores durante o ensino remoto na pós-graduação em Enfermagem e Saúde, frente à pandemia de Coronavírus, sob a perspectiva de Paulo Freire. Método relato de experiência a partir da observação direta e da participação nas atividades do componente curricular, entre março e junho de 2021, em uma universidade pública no Estado da Bahia (Brasil). Os dados foram registrados em um diário de campo, organizados por aproximação temática e analisados a partir do processo de ação-reflexão-ação. Resultados identificaram-se três dimensões que descortinaram os horizontes vivenciados no ensino remoto emergencial na perspectiva de buscar a qualificação da educação superior em saúde. Conclusão observou-se que os diálogos realizados nas aulas remotas perpassaram por desafios e inovações no planejamento e na prática de aula e ressignificaram o processo de caracterização da prática docente. Evidenciou-se uma perspectiva de proporcionar o curso com qualidade, estimulando o processo de ação-reflexão-ação no ensino-aprendizagem.

ABSTRACT Objective: to report the authors' experiences during remote teaching in the postgraduate course in Nursing and Health, in the face of the Coronavirus pandemic, from Paulo Freire's approach. Method experience report based on direct observation and student participation in curricular activities, between March and June 2021, at a public university in the State of Bahia, Brazil. Data were recorded in a field diary, organized by thematic approach and analyzed through the action-reflection-action process. Results Three dimensions were identified that revealed the scenery experienced in emergency remote teaching, aimed to ensure the qualification of higher education in health. Conclusion The conversations during the remote classes pervaded challenges and innovations in planning and in class practice and re-signified the process of characterization of teaching practice. The prospect of offering a high quality course, stimulating the action-reflection-action process in teaching-learning became clear.

RESUMEN Objetivo: relatar las experiencias de los autores durante la enseñanza a distancia en el posgrado en Enfermería y Salud, frente a la pandemia del Coronavirus, en la perspectiva de Paulo Freire. Método relato de experiencia basado en la observación directa y participación en las actividades del componente curricular, entre marzo y junio de 2021, en una universidad pública del Estado de Bahía (Brasil). Los datos fueron registrados en diario de campo, organizados por abordaje temático y analizados a partir del proceso acción-reflexión-acción. Resultados se identificaron tres dimensiones que revelaron los horizontes vividos en la enseñanza a distancia de emergencia en la perspectiva de buscar la calificación de educación superior en salud. Conclusión se observó que los diálogos realizados en las clases a distancia pasaron por desafíos e innovaciones en la planificación y en la práctica de clase y dieron un nuevo significado al proceso de caracterización de la práctica docente. Se evidenció una perspectiva de dotar al curso de calidad, estimulando el proceso de acción-reflexión-acción en la enseñanza-aprendizaje.

Implementación de las escalas de evaluación formativa OSATS en habilidades técnicas aplicadas en el laboratorio de microcirugía / Implementation of the OSATS training assessment scales in technical skills applied in the microsurgery laboratory

Introducción. La simulación como estrategia de aprendizaje activo se ha constituido en una herramienta centrada en el estudiante, para la construcción de aprendizajes en entornos seguros y el perfeccionamiento de sus habilidades técnicas. La evaluación objetiva estructurada de habilidades técnicas (OSATS, por sus siglas en inglés) es una herramienta evaluativa en el área quirúrgica, que puede ser implementada en los programas en microcirugía. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal y doble ciego, donde se incluyeron 34 estudiantes de especialidades quirúrgicas, quienes fueron evaluados mediante los OSATS para los módulos finales: módulo 1: disección vascular; módulo 2: ejecución de sutura de puntos independientes; y módulo 3: ejercicios de revascularización. Al finalizar la materia, los estudiantes evaluaron la implementación de esta metodología por medio de una encuesta de satisfacción. Resultados. La evaluación del diseño de la guía práctica tipo OSATS por los estudiantes fue satisfactoria (88,2 %). Al evaluar la actividad de disección y sutura en microcirugía la consideraron de gran utilidad (88,2 %), para los ejercicios de anastomosis y revascularización (aprobación del 79,5 %). La aplicabilidad práctica y la calidad de los ejercicios mediante guías de evaluación OSATS tuvieron 94,2 % de aceptación. Conclusión. Las escalas OSATS son un instrumento útil, valido y objetivo para el modelo de evaluación por competencias en habilidades técnicas, que puede ser implementado en los modelos de enseñanza en simulación, contando con confiabilidad, validez de contenido y de constructo. Es aplicable en los programas de microcirugía, con una percepción positiva por parte de los estudiantes.

Introduction. Simulation as an active learning strategy has become a student-centered tool for the construction of learning in safe environments and the improvement of their technical skills. The Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS) is an evaluation tool in the surgical area, which can be implemented in microsurgery programs. Methods. Descriptive, cross-sectional and double-blind study, which included 34 students from surgical specialties, who were evaluated through the OSATS for the final modules: module 1: vascular dissection; module 2: execution of independent sutures; module 3: revascularization exercises. At the end of the course, the students evaluated the implementation of this methodology under evaluation by means of a satisfaction survey. Results. The evaluation of the design of the practical guide OSATS-type by the students was satisfactory (88.2%). When evaluating the dissection and suturing activity in microsurgery, they consider it very useful (88.2%), for anastomosis exercises and revascularization exercise (79.5% approval). The practical applicability and quality of the exercises using OSATS evaluation guides had 94.2% acceptance.Conclusion. The OSATS scales are a useful, valid and objective instrument for the evaluation model for technical skills, which can be implemented in simulation teaching models, with reliability, content and construct validity. It is applicable in microsurgery programs, with a positive perception by students.

Análisis reflexivo del trabajo científico-metodológico departamental con Moodle durante los años 2018 al 2021 / Reflective Analysis of Departmental Scientific-methodologicalJobwith Moodle since 2018 to 2020

Introducción: La sistematización de las experiencias facilita discernir sobre éstas para su perfeccionamiento. Objetivo: Analizar el trabajo científico-metodológico con Moodle informado por el departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas, de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Salvador Allende, durante los años 2018-2021. Métodos: Se desarrolló una investigación descriptiva con enfoque cualitativo, basada en la sistematización de experiencias, utilizando métodos teóricos: análisis-síntesis, deducción-inducción, histórico lógico y el ascenso de lo abstracto a lo concreto; además el método empírico de revisión documental. Resultados: El análisis realizado permitió determinar un salto cualitativo en el uso docente de Moodle por el departamento, yendo desde la utilización del cuestionario hasta la implementación de aulas virtuales para la formación docente y su proyección para avanzar hacia la utilización de la modalidad educativa hibrida con los estudiantes. Conclusiones: Existen pruebas explícitas de un trabajo innovador progresivo y debidamente evaluado, planteándose la necesidad de avanzar hacia una cultura institucional innovadora(AU)

Introduction: Systematization of the experiences facilitates discern about them for its improvement. Objective: Analyze the scientific-methodological job with Moodle reported by Basic Biomedical Science department from Salvador Allende Medical Faculty, during the years 2018 to 2021. Methods: It was developed a descriptive and qualitative research based on the experiences systematization, using theoretical methods: analysis-synthesis, deduction-induction, historic logic and rise from abstract to concrete; as well as the empiric method of document revision. Results: The analysis determined a qualitative change in the educational utilization of Moodle from the use of questionnaire recourse to the implementation of virtual classrooms for professor's education and its projection to advance toward the usage of hybrid education model with the students. Conclusion: There exist explicit proves of an evaluated and progressive innovative labor, and it is made the claim of progressing to an institutional innovative culture development(AU)

Characterization of the professional physical education field in Brazilian multiprofessional health residency programs / Caracterização da área profissional da educação física nos programas de residências multiprofissionais em saúde do Brasil

ABSTRACT Multiprofessional residencies in the professional health field (MHR) are intersectoral cooperation programs to qualify health professionals. This study aimed to characterize the offer of vacancies meant for the professional Physical Education field in Brazilian MHR programs. It is a descriptive study of a documentary nature on the offer of training vacancies in MHR for the professional Physical Education field in 2022. The characterization of the programs considered: federative unit, proposing institution, total number of general vacancies, vacancies offered for Physical Education, focus of intervention of the programs, and other professional fields presented in the identified programs. A total of 184 vacancies offered by 77 MHR programs that include Physical Education in Brazil were identified. The Northeast region had the highest number of programs (n=29) and vacancies offered (n=89). Family Health was the major focus as to vacancies, while nursing appeared as the most frequent professional field among the identified programs (97.4%). This research work presented the characterization of the offer of vacancies intended for Physical Education in Brazilian MHR programs. Additionally, it evidences the need for a more equitable distribution of vacancies for Physical Education in the country.

RESUMO As residências multiprofissionais em área profissional de saúde (RMS) constituem-se em programas de cooperação intersetorial para qualificação de profissionais de saúde. Este estudo objetivou caracterizar a oferta de vagas destinadas à área profissional da Educação Física nos programas de RMS no Brasil. Estudo descritivo de natureza documental sobre a oferta de vagas de formação em RMS para a área profissional da Educação Física no ano de 2022. A caracterização dos programas considerou: unidade federativa, instituição proponente, total de vagas gerais, vagas ofertadas para a Educação Física, ênfase de atuação dos programas e demais áreas profissionais apresentadas nos programas identificados. Foram identificadas 184 vagas ofertadas por 77 programas de RMS que contemplam a Educação Física no Brasil. A região Nordeste apresentou o maior número de programas (n=29) e de vagas ofertadas (n=89). A ênfase mais apresentada com vagas foi a Saúde da Família enquanto a enfermagem apareceu é área profissional mais frequente entre os programas identificados (97,4%). Este trabalho apresentou a caracterização da oferta de vagas destinadas à Educação Física nos programas de RMS no Brasil. Além disso, evidencia a necessidade de uma distribuição mais equitativa das vagas destinadas à Educação Física no país.

Capacitación en ensayos clínicos. Cienfuegos 2004-2018

RESUMEN Fundamento: los profesionales de la salud deben estar adecuadamente calificados para desempeñar sus funciones como investigadores. En Cienfuegos se han impartido varios cursos para capacitar al personal en ensayos clínicos, lo cual permite elevar la calidad de este tipo de investigación. Objetivo: describir el comportamiento de la capacitación del personal de salud en la temática de ensayos clínicos durante el periodo desde 2004 hasta 2018 en la provincia Cienfuegos. Métodos: estudio descriptivo sobre los cursos impartidos en Cienfuegos en el periodo comprendido desde 2004 hasta 2018. Se consultó la documentación legislada por secretaria docente de postgrado para la impartición de cursos. Se analizaron las variables: cursos impartidos, años en que se impartieron, investigadores capacitados, lugar de procedencia y profesión. Resultados: se impartieron 46 cursos, de ellos 19 para la capacitación de investigadores clínicos. Se capacitaron 366 investigadores, de los cuales 283 (77,3 %) pertenecen a la atención secundaria y 83 (22,7 %) a la atención primaria de salud. Entre los años 2013 y 2017 se alcanzaron las mayores cifras: 30 cursos y 163 investigadores capacitados para un el 46, 2 %. Según su profesión, el 52, 5 % son médicos y el 21,9 % son enfermeros. Conclusiones: en Cienfuegos se capacitó al personal que participó en la ejecución de ensayos clínicos; con mayor representación en el personal médico y de enfermería de la atención secundaria en relación al número de ensayos clínicos que se ejecutan en este nivel del sistema de salud.

ABSTRACT Background: Health professionals must be adequately qualified to perform their duties as investigators. In Cienfuegos, several courses have been given to train staff in clinical trials, which allows raising the quality of this type of research. Objective: Describe the behavior of the training of health personnel on the subject of clinical trials in the period from 2004 to 2018 in the province of Cienfuegos. Methods: Descriptive study on the courses taught in Cienfuegos in the period from 2004 to 2018. The documentation legislated by the postgraduate teaching secretary for the delivery of courses was consulted. The variables were analyzed: courses taught, years in which they were taught, researchers trained, place of origin and profession. Results: 46 courses were given, of them 19 for the training of clinical investigators. 366 researchers were trained, of which 283 (77.3%) belong to secondary care and 83 (22.7%) to primary health care. In the study period, it was identified that between 2013 and 2017 higher figures were reached, 30 courses and 163 trained researchers for 46.2%. According to their profession, 52.5% are doctors and 21.9% are nurses. Conclusions: In Cienfuegos, the personnel who participated in the execution of clinical trials were trained; with greater representation in the medical and nursing staff of secondary care in relation to the number of clinical trials carried out at this level of the health system.